Washing and desizing, which have the purpose of removing all impurities from the fabric (sizes,
textile oils or dirt, also resulting from previous processing), can be performed in
three ways:
to. rope washing (for heavy fabrics, mainly carded);
b. wide washing (for light, delicate, combed fabrics, etc.);
c. continuous washing (wide for large productions).
However, the washing process consists of four successive phases:
1. Soaking
The fabric is impregnated with water and a mechanical rubbing action eliminates the substances
insoluble substances, such as earth, powder and unfixed dyes, etc.
2. Pre-wash
Cold wash, light and fast, which eliminates excesses of color and dirt, which could
fix on the piece in the subsequent degreasing phase.
3. Degreasing
A water bath containing soaps, detergents and auxiliary products, in which the
oily substances used in spinning and any sizes, oily stains, etc.
The temperature of the bath is fundamental, which varies in relation to impurities and components to be eliminated
(from 20 ° C to 60 ° C).
4. Rinsing
With an abundance of water, the emulsion with all the substances to be removed is removed.