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Project by UsedTextilemachines.eu
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Fulling is a very important wool finishing process as it affects the touch and appearance
and the compactness of the fabric, exploiting the phenomenon of felting, characteristic of wool, which
reduces the size of the fabric, in length and width, increasing its density, toughness,
thickness, unit weight and impenetrability to atmospheric agents, with surface felting or
profound variables in relation to: duration of treatment, quality and structure of the fabric and fibers.
Fulling is carried out mainly on carded wool fabrics to obtain cloths and flannels, a
fine fiber, at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, with humidity around 40% and usually in the environment
basic, more rarely acidic or neutral.
In the classic fuller, of contained dimensions, single pieces are worked. It is made up of:
1. a pair of cylinders (see figure A, point 1) which advance the fabric with strong pressure
adjustable. At the entry of the fabric there are guides and stop devices in case of
entanglements (fig. A, 2);
2. a pair of adjustable vertical cylinders for the shrinkage of the weft fabric and a pair
of jaws (fig. A, 3), which regulate their distance and therefore the weft re-entry;
3. a fulling box or channel (fig. A, 4), placed at the exit of the cylinders.
Its upper part, called “slipper” (fig. A, 5), can exert adjustable pressure on the fabric
which, arriving there, "engulfs" and undergoes a re-entry in the sense of the warp.
Other elements present in the fuller are:
1. an automatic stop device (fig. A, 2), consisting of a metal bar resting on the
fabric of which you feel knots or swellings, in this case bumping against the stop button;
2. the sprayers (fig. A, 6), devices close to the inlet that spray a felting mixture on the fabric;
3. control panel, placed on the front of the machine, regulates the working process.
With automatic machines equipped with detectors of the percentage of return and stop at the result
programmed, the sensor for detecting the return must be sewn at the end of the loop.
Sack-sewn patches are usually worked, which after being introduced into the machine are also processed
sewn in a ring, so as to be worked in a continuous cycle.
If the type of fabric allows it, to obtain an easier shrinkage in the direction of the width
of the piece and excellent results by hand, the head of the piece is passed 2 or 3 times by the group
fulling before loop sewing.
It is also necessary to place, at the head of the piece, two little bells of wire spaced one meter apart
on the other hand in the direction of the length of the piece to control the warp indentation obtained. If, ad
example, the fulling in progress requires a refund of 20%, the process will be completed when the
bells will be at a distance of 80 cm.
The weft indentation (width) is instead measured directly on the width of the piece.
The fuller must pay great attention and stop processing, to check:
At the beginning, the suitable wetting and the normal swelling of the piece.
If not, he must stop the fuller and check the stitching of the whole piece, sewing up any
unstitched features.
During processing, various controls on the indentation, both in length and in width.
The losses of fibers that are deposited on the bottom of the machine.
The look and feel of the fabric, linked to the time taken, to the pressure of cylinders and slippers,
the number of heads and the products used to obtain the desired indentations and feathering.
The most common defects found in fulled fabrics are dead folds caused by:
sack stitches that are too long or unstitched, so the piece does not swell;
start or end of the seam with the selvedges not even, as a result of which the piece tends to wrap;
selvedges in excessive tension;
unsuitable humidification of the piece.
There may also be abrasions or tears caused by:
excessive pressure of the power strip, compared to the pressure of the cylinders;
rigid foreign bodies on the fabric stuck in the cylinders.
The fuller must diligently strive for the regular and correct functioning of the machine
carrying out the stages of processing within its competence. In particular, it must:
periodically and regularly check the state of wear of the fulling machine and cylinders.
Request the intervention of the department head, in case of difficulties of an undetectable nature to
in order to avoid major damage to both the machine and the fabric being worked.
Ensure correct cleaning of the machine, in particular at each change of type of fabric
under processing.
After the sale of the machinery we also assist you in logistics and if desired by the customer we have technicians capable of reassembling and starting the machinery.
© 2024 All rights reserved
Project by UsedTextilemachines.eu
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