Washing and desizing, which have the aim of removing all impurities from the fabric (sizes,
textile oils or dirt, also resulting from previous processes), can be carried out in
three ways:
to. rope washing (for heavy fabrics, mainly carded);
b. wide wash (for light, delicate, combed fabrics, etc.);
c. continuous washing (wide for large productions).
However, the washing process consists of four subsequent phases:
1. Soaking
The fabric is soaked in water and a mechanical rubbing action eliminates the substances
insoluble, such as earth, dust and unfixed dyes, etc.
2. Prewash
Cold wash, light and fast, which eliminates excess color and dirt that could
fix on the piece in the subsequent degreasing phase.
3. Degreasing
A water bath containing soaps, detergents and auxiliary products, in which the
oiling substances used in spinning and any sizing, oily stains, etc.
The temperature of the bath is fundamental, as it varies in relation to the impurities and components to be eliminated
(from 20° C to 60° C).
4. Rinse
The emulsion with all the substances to be removed is removed with plenty of water.